{"title":"Sapphire Wafer and Substrate","description":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong data-start=\"2\" data-end=\"24\"\u003esapphire substrate\u003c\/strong\u003e is a thin, flat wafer made from \u003cstrong data-start=\"57\" data-end=\"79\"\u003esynthetic sapphire\u003c\/strong\u003e, which is a single-crystal form of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). It has unique features such as:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"326\" data-end=\"618\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1cqrwoe\" data-start=\"326\" data-end=\"371\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong data-start=\"328\" data-end=\"346\"\u003eExtremely hard\u003c\/strong\u003e (second only to diamond)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"69o402\" data-start=\"372\" data-end=\"439\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong data-start=\"374\" data-end=\"400\"\u003eHigh thermal stability\u003c\/strong\u003e (can withstand very high temperatures)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"bhab3m\" data-start=\"440\" data-end=\"477\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"442\" data-end=\"477\"\u003eExcellent electrical insulation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"f68k64\" data-start=\"478\" data-end=\"551\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong data-start=\"480\" data-end=\"505\"\u003eOptically transparent\u003c\/strong\u003e (from UV to infrared, depending on thickness)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"i5csp3\" data-start=\"552\" data-end=\"618\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong data-start=\"554\" data-end=\"574\"\u003eChemically inert\u003c\/strong\u003e (resistant to acids and harsh environments)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"620\" data-end=\"730\"\u003eThese properties make sapphire an ideal base material (“substrate”) for growing or supporting other materials.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-section-id=\"22t2tj\" data-start=\"737\" data-end=\"757\"\u003eMain Applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-section-id=\"ada57n\" data-start=\"759\" data-end=\"794\"\u003e1. Semiconductor \u0026amp; LED industry\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"795\" data-end=\"1009\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"15fgnn0\" data-start=\"795\" data-end=\"861\"\u003eUsed as a substrate for growing \u003cstrong data-start=\"829\" data-end=\"854\"\u003eGaN (gallium nitride)\u003c\/strong\u003e layers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"kqe23h\" data-start=\"862\" data-end=\"944\"\u003eEssential in:\n\u003cul data-start=\"880\" data-end=\"944\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"19j0r1j\" data-start=\"880\" data-end=\"927\"\u003eLED lighting (especially blue and white LEDs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1h5vpv5\" data-start=\"930\" data-end=\"944\"\u003eLaser diodes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1twf8kp\" data-start=\"945\" data-end=\"1009\"\u003eSapphire provides a stable, insulating base for crystal growth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"1011\" data-end=\"1014\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-section-id=\"quxleu\" data-start=\"1016\" data-end=\"1045\"\u003e2. RF \u0026amp; power electronics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1046\" data-end=\"1185\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1xldprn\" data-start=\"1046\" data-end=\"1093\"\u003eUsed in high-frequency and high-power devices\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1l70bjs\" data-start=\"1094\" data-end=\"1185\"\u003eSupports materials like GaN for:\n\u003cul data-start=\"1131\" data-end=\"1185\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"5bholi\" data-start=\"1131\" data-end=\"1146\"\u003e5G components\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"duad2y\" data-start=\"1149\" data-end=\"1164\"\u003eRadar systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1i55tfp\" data-start=\"1167\" data-end=\"1185\"\u003ePower amplifiers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"1187\" data-end=\"1190\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-section-id=\"veaqfy\" data-start=\"1192\" data-end=\"1219\"\u003e3. Optical applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1220\" data-end=\"1345\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"166gm73\" data-start=\"1220\" data-end=\"1285\"\u003eUsed in:\n\u003cul data-start=\"1233\" data-end=\"1285\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1jpovln\" data-start=\"1233\" data-end=\"1250\"\u003eOptical windows\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1p7d1nu\" data-start=\"1253\" data-end=\"1261\"\u003eLenses\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"o7z70z\" data-start=\"1264\" data-end=\"1285\"\u003eInfrared\/UV systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1uzm18h\" data-start=\"1286\" data-end=\"1345\"\u003eIdeal because it is \u003cstrong data-start=\"1308\" data-end=\"1345\"\u003escratch-resistant and transparent\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"1347\" data-end=\"1350\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-section-id=\"4viwmr\" data-start=\"1352\" data-end=\"1379\"\u003e4. Consumer electronics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1380\" data-end=\"1507\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"n55tnu\" data-start=\"1380\" data-end=\"1507\"\u003eFound in:\n\u003cul data-start=\"1394\" data-end=\"1507\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1c4vl1m\" data-start=\"1394\" data-end=\"1420\"\u003eSmartphone camera covers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"191bmag\" data-start=\"1423\" data-end=\"1460\"\u003eWatch faces (e.g., premium watches)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1agom38\" data-start=\"1463\" data-end=\"1507\"\u003eProtective screens (some high-end devices)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"1509\" data-end=\"1512\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-section-id=\"uc7q4c\" data-start=\"1514\" data-end=\"1548\"\u003e5. Scientific \u0026amp; industrial use\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1549\" data-end=\"1693\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"11yt7xu\" data-start=\"1549\" data-end=\"1623\"\u003eSubstrates for:\n\u003cul data-start=\"1569\" data-end=\"1623\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1qlvnk8\" data-start=\"1569\" data-end=\"1591\"\u003eThin-film deposition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"n7xqhv\" data-start=\"1594\" data-end=\"1611\"\u003eSuperconductors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1v6k73h\" data-start=\"1614\" data-end=\"1623\"\u003eSensors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1veedjf\" data-start=\"1624\" data-end=\"1693\"\u003eUsed in harsh environments (high temperature, corrosive conditions)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","products":[],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/3644\/9362\/collections\/4ad72c64-84e0-48b7-b4d1-60e2564f6614.png?v=1777953309","url":"https:\/\/www.amoscientific.com\/collections\/sapphire-wafer-and-substrate.oembed","provider":"AMO Scientific","version":"1.0","type":"link"}