{"title":"All Products","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"amo-2-inch-c-plane-sapphire-wafer","title":"AMO Scientific 2 Inch C-Plane Sapphire Wafer (0001) – Single Crystal Al₂O₃, SSP\/DSP","description":"\u003ch2\u003eAMO Scientific 2 Inch C-Plane Sapphire Wafer (0001) – Single Crystal Al₂O₃, SSP\/DSP\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAMO Scientific 2 Inch C-Plane Sapphire Wafers\u003c\/strong\u003e are high-purity single-crystal Al₂O₃ substrates with a nominal diameter of \u003cstrong\u003e50.8 mm\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eC-plane (0001) crystal orientation\u003c\/strong\u003e. Available in both \u003cstrong\u003esingle-side polished (SSP)\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003edouble-side polished (DSP)\u003c\/strong\u003e configurations, these sapphire wafers are suitable for semiconductor research, thin-film deposition, optical applications, material research, and other laboratory processes.\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStandard options include \u003cstrong\u003e430 ± 25 µm SSP\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003e400 ± 25 µm DSP\u003c\/strong\u003e wafers. The C-plane sapphire substrate combines high mechanical hardness, chemical stability, electrical insulation, optical transparency, and thermal stability. Custom thicknesses and specifications are available upon request.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eTypical Applications\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThin-film deposition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSemiconductor research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEpitaxial growth research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptical coatings\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLED and optoelectronic research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMEMS and sensor research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2D material growth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh-temperature research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptical substrate applications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAMO Scientific offers customized sapphire wafers. If you don't find the standard products work for your need, please feel free to reach us. \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCategory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecification\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct SKU\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAMO-SA0101 (Single Side polished, SSP), AMO-SA0102 (Double Sides Polished, DSP 400 µm)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigh Purity \u0026gt;99.99%, single crystal Al₂O₃\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiameter\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50.80 mm ± 0.10 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e430 µm ± 25 µm (SSP); 400 µm ± 25 µm (DSP), other thickness available upon request\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLattice Parameters\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ea = 4.785 Å, c = 12.991 Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3.98 g\/cm³\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrientation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eC-plane (0001) to M (1-100), 0.2° ± 0.1° off\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimary Flat Orientation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA-plane [11-20] ± 0.2°\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimary Flat Length\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e16.0 ± 1.0 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTTV (Total Thickness Variation)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt; 5 µm (SSP), ≤ 6 µm (DSP)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBow\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-10 to 0 µm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWarp\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt; 10 µm (SSP), ≤ 20 µm (DSP)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Expansion Coefficient\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6.66 × 10⁻⁶ \/°C (parallel to C-axis); 5 × 10⁻⁶ \/°C (perpendicular)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDielectric Strength\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4.8 × 10⁵ V\/cm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDielectric Constant\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11.5 (1 MHz, parallel to C-axis); 9.3 (1 MHz, perpendicular)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDielectric Loss Tangent\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt; 1 × 10⁻⁴\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e40 W\/(m·K) at 20°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"AMO Scientific","offers":[{"title":"Single Side Polished, SSP\/430um","offer_id":42426042417234,"sku":"AMO-SA0101","price":29.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Double Sides Polished, DSP\/400um","offer_id":42426042450002,"sku":"AMO-SA0102","price":35.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/3644\/9362\/files\/Sapphire_Wafer_e6c3c679-1414-4e0e-a2bd-ce1e98bba865.png?v=1787244302"},{"product_id":"amo-scientific-jgs2-fused-silica-wafer-and-substrate","title":"AMO Scientific JGS2 Fused Silica Wafer and Substrate, 1\", 2\" \u0026 4\" DSP","description":"\u003ch3\u003eAMO Scientific JGS2 Fused Silica Wafer and Substrate\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAMO Scientific JGS2 fused silica wafers and substrates are high-purity SiO₂ optical substrates designed for semiconductor, photonics, MEMS, thin-film deposition and optical applications. Standard double-side polished (DSP) sizes include 1 inch, 2 inch and 4 inch \/ 100 mm wafers, as well as 10 × 10 mm substrates. Custom fused silica wafer dimensions, thicknesses and grades are also available.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"relative basis-auto flex-col -mb-(--composer-overlap-px) pb-(--composer-overlap-px) [--composer-overlap-px:28px] grow flex\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex flex-col text-sm\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"qMYqUG_convSearchResultHighlightRoot\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\" class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+\u0026amp;]:mt-1\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full light markdown-new-styling\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJGS2 Glass \u003c\/strong\u003eis a high-purity synthetic quartz glass widely used in optics, semiconductors, and photonics. JGS2 has excellent transmission in the visible and near-infrared regions, but lower deep-UV transmission than JGS1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"last:pe-10\"\u003eGrade\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"last:pe-10\"\u003eSpectral Transmission Range\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"last:pe-10\"\u003eTypical Applications\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eJGS1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUV–Visible–IR (185–2500 nm)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePrecision optics, lithography\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJGS2\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUV–Visible (220–2500 nm)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOptical windows, semiconductor processing\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eJGS3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVisible–IR (260–3500 nm)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInfrared optics\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStandard Product Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 78.3752px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.9603%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e SKU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 27.9461%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003eSize\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 22.5954%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003ePolishing\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 5.23466%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003eFlat\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.9603%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003eAMO-JGS2-0001\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 27.9461%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e1\" Dia. x 0.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 22.5954%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003eDSP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 5.23466%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003eN\/A\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.9603%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003eAMO-JGS2-0002\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 27.9461%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e2\" Dia. x 0.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 22.5954%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003eDSP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 5.23466%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e16mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.9603%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003eAMO-JGS2-0003\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 27.9461%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e4\" Dia. x 0.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 22.5954%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003eDSP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 5.23466%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e32.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.9603%;\"\u003eAMO-JGS2-0004\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 27.9461%;\"\u003e10x10x0.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 22.5954%;\"\u003eDSP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 5.23466%;\"\u003eN\/A\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAMO Scientific offers customized fused silica wafers, such as JGS1, JGS2, JGS3 and 7980. If you don't find the standard products work for your need, please feel free to reach us. \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTypical Properties of JGS2 Fused Silica\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"last:pe-10\"\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"last:pe-10\"\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMaterial\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynthetic Fused Silica (SiO₂)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDensity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~2.20 g\/cm³\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRefractive Index (589 nm)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~1.458\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSoftening Point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~1665°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThermal Expansion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5.5 × 10⁻⁷ \/°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt;99.99% SiO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThermal Shock Resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTypical Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"no-scrollbar flex min-h-36 flex-nowrap gap-0.5 overflow-auto sm:gap-1 sm:overflow-hidden xl:min-h-44 mt-1 mb-5 not-first:mt-4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"border-token-border-default relative w-32 shrink-0 overflow-hidden rounded-xl border-[0.5px] md:shrink max-h-64 sm:w-[calc((100%-0.5rem)\/3)] rounded-e-xl\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group\/search-image @container\/search-image relative rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pointer-events-none absolute inset-x-2 bottom-2 z-10 flex max-w-[calc(100%-1rem)] flex-wrap items-end justify-end gap-1.5\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eSemiconductor Industry\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotomask substrates\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWafer carriers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProcess windows\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVacuum viewports\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eOptics \u0026amp; Photonics\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptical windows\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLaser optics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBeam splitters\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptical filters\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eResearch\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMEMS devices\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMicrofluidics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThin-film deposition substrates\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eJGS2 vs Silicon Wafer\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"last:pe-10\"\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"last:pe-10\"\u003eJGS2 Fused Silica\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"last:pe-10\"\u003eSilicon\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElectrical Conductivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInsulator\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSemiconductor\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparency\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOpaque\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBandgap\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eN\/A\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.12 eV\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThermal Expansion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVery Low\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigher\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOptical Applications\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePoor\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eJGS2 vs Sapphire Wafer\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"last:pe-10\"\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"last:pe-10\"\u003eJGS2\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"last:pe-10\"\u003eSapphire\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHardness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5.5–6 Mohs\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9 Mohs\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOptical Transmission\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExcellent UV-Visible-NIR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExcellent UV-IR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThermal Conductivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~1.4 W\/m·K\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~35 W\/m·K\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCost\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLower\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigher\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMachinability\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEasier\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMore Difficult\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"thread-bottom-container\" class=\"sticky bottom-0 z-10 group\/thread-bottom-container relative isolate w-full basis-auto has-data-has-thread-error:pt-2 has-data-has-thread-error:[box-shadow:var(--sharp-edge-bottom-shadow)] md:border-transparent md:pt-0 dark:border-white\/20 md:dark:border-transparent print:hidden content-fade single-line flex flex-col\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"thread-bottom\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-base mx-auto [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 mb-[var(--thread-component-gap,1rem)]\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"w-full\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pointer-events-auto relative z-1 flex h-(--composer-container-height,100%) max-w-full flex-(--composer-container-flex,1) flex-col\"\u003e\u003cform class=\"group\/composer w-full\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"bg-token-bg-primary dark:bg-token-bg-elevated-primary dark-oled:bg-token-bg-primary corner-superellipse\/1.1 relative cursor-text overflow-clip bg-clip-padding p-2.5 contain-inline-size motion-safe:transition-colors motion-safe:duration-200 motion-safe:ease-in-out grid grid-cols-[auto_1fr_auto] [grid-template-areas:'header_header_header'_'leading_primary_trailing'_'._footer_.'] group-data-expanded\/composer:[grid-template-areas:'header_header_header'_'primary_primary_primary'_'leading_footer_trailing'] max-sm:[grid-template-areas:'header_header_header'_'primary_primary_primary'_'leading_footer_trailing'] shadow-short-composer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"-my-2.5 flex overflow-x-hidden px-1.5 [grid-area:primary] group-data-expanded\/composer:mb-0 group-data-expanded\/composer:px-2.5 min-h-14 items-center\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"wcDTda_prosemirror-parent text-token-text-primary max-h-[max(30svh,5rem)] max-h-52 min-h-[var(--deep-research-composer-extra-height,unset)] flex-1 overflow-auto [scrollbar-width:thin] default-browser vertical-scroll-fade-mask group-data-[expanded-composer-mode-button]\/composer:pe-6.5\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/form\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"AMO Scientific","offers":[{"title":"1\" Dia. x 0.5mm\/DSP\/No flat","offer_id":42427895611474,"sku":"AMO-JGS2-0001","price":18.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2\" Dia. x 0.5mm\/DSP\/16mm Primary Flat","offer_id":42427895644242,"sku":"AMO-JGS2-0002","price":20.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"4\" Dia. x 0.5mm\/DSP\/32.5mm Primary Flat","offer_id":42427895677010,"sku":"AMO-JGS2-0003","price":33.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10x10x0.5mm\/DSP","offer_id":42427895709778,"sku":"AMO-JGS2-0004","price":9.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/3644\/9362\/files\/JGS2_fused_silica_wafer.png?v=1787627149"},{"product_id":"2-inch-single-wafer-carrier-class-100-grade","title":"AMO Scientific 2 Inch Single Wafer Carrier (Pack of 10), Polypropylene, Cleanroom Class 100 Grade","description":"\u003ch2\u003eAMO Scientific 2 Inch Single Wafer Carrier (Pack of 10), Polypropylene, Cleanroom Class 100 Grade\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAMO Scientific 2 Inch Single Wafer Carrier Case\u003c\/strong\u003e is designed for the safe storage, handling, and transportation of \u003cstrong\u003e2-inch (50.8 mm) semiconductor wafers, sapphire wafers, glass wafers, silicon wafers, and other delicate circular substrates\u003c\/strong\u003e. Made from polypropylene and suitable for cleanroom applications, this single-wafer carrier helps protect valuable wafers from scratches, edge damage, particles, and contamination during shipping, inspection, coating, testing, and laboratory storage.\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe carrier features a \u003cstrong\u003econical edge-support base\u003c\/strong\u003e that minimizes contact with the wafer surface. A spider spring and locking lid securely hold the wafer in place while reducing pressure on the wafer surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eIt is commonly used for:\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProtecting a sample wafer during shipping or storage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCarrying high-value or fragile wafers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSending wafers for inspection, testing, coating, or analysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePreventing scratches, edge damage, particles, and contamination\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSpecification\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDetails\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProduct\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSingle Wafer Carrier Case\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCompatible wafer size\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2 inch \/ 50.8 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCapacity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1 wafer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMaterial\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePolypropylene (PP)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePack quantity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 pcs\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCleanroom grade\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eClass 100\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eComponents\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBase, lid, spider ring\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWafer support\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEdge-contact \/ conical base\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRetention\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpider spring and locking lid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSKU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWH0001\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eApplications\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStorage, shipping, inspection, coating, testing\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWafer Carrier components include: Base, Lid and Spider ring (pressure retention, edges or center)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAMO Scientific offers a variety of wafer handling consumables, such as single wafer carrier tray, wafer cassette, wafer shipping box and membrane box. Please contact us if you have any wafer handling needs.  \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AMO Scientific","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42506053189714,"sku":"AMO-WH0001","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/3644\/9362\/files\/1_inch_wafer_carrier.png?v=1787164067"},{"product_id":"products-1-inch-wafer-carrier-case","title":"AMO Scientific 1 Inch Single Wafer Carrier (Pack of 10), Polypropylene, Cleanroom Class 100 Grade","description":"\u003ch2\u003eAMO Scientific 1 Inch Single Wafer Carrier (Pack of 10), Polypropylene, Cleanroom Class 100 Grade\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe single wafer carrier trays offered by AMO Scientific are specifically designed for storage, transport and handling of semiconductor wafers, glass wafers or other delicate flat objects. They are made from polypropylene material and available in sizes from 1\" to 6\" with maximum grip, minimum contact and minimum pressure. The wafer or disc carriers have a conical base to support the wafers at the edges only. The wafers are held in place and secured by a spider spring and locking cap.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eIt is commonly used for:\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProtecting a sample wafer during shipping or storage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCarrying high-value or fragile wafers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSending wafers for inspection, testing, coating, or analysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePreventing scratches, edge damage, particles, and contamination\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSpecification\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDetails\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProduct\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSingle Wafer Carrier Case\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCompatible wafer diameter\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1 inch \/ 25.4 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMaterial\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePolypropylene (PP)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWafer capacity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1 wafer per carrier\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePack quantity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 carriers\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCleanroom grade\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eClass 100\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eComponents\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBase, lid, spider spring\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSupport method\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEdge support \/ minimum wafer contact\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSKU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWH0002\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eApplications\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStorage, shipping, inspection, testing\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWafer Carrier components include: Base, Lid and Spider ring (pressure retention, edges or center)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAMO Scientific offers a variety of wafer handling consumables, such as single wafer carrier tray, wafer cassette, wafer shipping box and membrane box. Please contact us if you have any wafer handling needs.  \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AMO Scientific","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42506057449554,"sku":"AMO-WH0002","price":52.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/3644\/9362\/files\/1_inch_wafer_carrier.png?v=1787164067"},{"product_id":"3-inch-single-wafer-carrier","title":"AMO Scientific 3 Inch Single Wafer Carrier (Pack of 10), Polypropylene, Cleanroom Class 100 Grade","description":"\u003ch2\u003eAMO Scientific 3 Inch Single Wafer Carrier (Pack of 10), Polypropylene, Cleanroom Class 100 Grade\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAMO Scientific 3 Inch \/ 76.2 mm Single Wafer Carrier Case\u003c\/strong\u003e is designed for safe storage, handling, and transportation of 3-inch semiconductor wafers, sapphire wafers, silicon wafers, glass wafers, and other delicate circular substrates. Made from polypropylene and suitable for cleanroom applications, this single-wafer carrier helps protect wafers from scratches, edge damage, particles, and contamination during shipping, inspection, coating, testing, and laboratory storage.\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe carrier features a conical edge-support base that minimizes contact with the wafer surface. A spider spring and locking lid securely hold the wafer in place while reducing pressure on the wafer surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eIt is commonly used for:\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProtecting a sample wafer during shipping or storage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCarrying high-value or fragile wafers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSending wafers for inspection, testing, coating, or analysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePreventing scratches, edge damage, particles, and contamination\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSpecification\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDetails\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProduct\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSingle Wafer Carrier Case\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCompatible wafer size\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3 inch \/ 76.2 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCapacity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1 wafer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMaterial\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePolypropylene (PP)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePack quantity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 pcs\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCleanroom grade\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eClass 100\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eComponents\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBase, lid, spider ring\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWafer support\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConical edge-support design\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRetention\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpider spring and locking lid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSKU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWH0003\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eApplications\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStorage, shipping, inspection, coating, testing\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWafer Carrier components include: Base, Lid and Spider ring (pressure retention, edges or center)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAMO Scientific offers a variety of wafer handling consumables, such as single wafer carrier tray, wafer cassette, wafer shipping box and membrane box. Please contact us if you have any wafer handling needs.  \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AMO Scientific","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42506058563666,"sku":"AMO-WH0003","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/3644\/9362\/files\/1_inch_wafer_carrier.png?v=1787164067"},{"product_id":"4-inch-single-wafer-carrier","title":"AMO Scientific 4 Inch Single Wafer Carrier (Pack of 10), Polypropylene, Cleanroom Class 100 Grade","description":"\u003ch2\u003eAMO Scientific 4 Inch Single Wafer Carrier (Pack of 10), Polypropylene, Cleanroom Class 100 Grade\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAMO Scientific 4 Inch \/ 100 mm Single Wafer Carrier Case\u003c\/strong\u003e is designed for safe storage, handling, and transportation of 4-inch semiconductor wafers, sapphire wafers, silicon wafers, glass wafers, and other delicate circular substrates. Made from polypropylene and suitable for cleanroom applications, the carrier helps protect wafers from scratches, edge damage, particles, and contamination during shipping, inspection, coating, testing, and laboratory storage.\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe carrier features a conical edge-support base that minimizes contact with the wafer surface. A spider spring and locking lid securely hold the wafer in place while reducing pressure on the wafer surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eIt is commonly used for:\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProtecting a sample wafer during shipping or storage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCarrying high-value or fragile wafers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSending wafers for inspection, testing, coating, or analysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePreventing scratches, edge damage, particles, and contamination\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSpecification\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDetails\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProduct\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSingle Wafer Carrier Case\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCompatible wafer size\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4 inch \/ 100 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWafer capacity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1 wafer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMaterial\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePolypropylene (PP)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePack quantity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 pcs\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCleanroom grade\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eClass 100\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eComponents\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBase, lid, spider ring\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSupport design\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConical edge support\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRetention\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpider spring and locking lid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSKU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWH0004\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eApplications\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStorage, shipping, inspection, testing, coating\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWafer Carrier components include: Base, Lid and Spider ring (pressure retention, edges or center)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAMO Scientific offers a variety of wafer handling consumables, such as single wafer carrier tray, wafer cassette, wafer shipping box and membrane box. Please contact us if you have any wafer handling needs.  \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AMO Scientific","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42506058727506,"sku":"AMO-WH0004","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/3644\/9362\/files\/1_inch_wafer_carrier.png?v=1787164067"},{"product_id":"6-inch-wafer-carrier","title":"AMO Scientific 6 Inch Single Wafer Carrier (Pack of 10), Polypropylene, Cleanroom Class 100 Grade","description":"\u003ch2\u003eAMO Scientific 6 Inch Single Wafer Carrier (Pack of 10), Polypropylene, Cleanroom Class 100 Grade\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAMO Scientific 6 Inch \/ 150 mm Single Wafer Carrier Case\u003c\/strong\u003e is designed for safe storage, handling, and transportation of 6-inch semiconductor wafers, sapphire wafers, silicon wafers, glass wafers, and other delicate circular substrates. Made from polypropylene and suitable for cleanroom applications, this single-wafer carrier helps protect wafers from scratches, edge damage, particles, and contamination during shipping, inspection, coating, testing, and laboratory storage.\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe carrier features a conical edge-support base that minimizes contact with the wafer surface. A spider spring and locking lid securely hold the wafer in place while reducing pressure on the wafer surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eIt is commonly used for:\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProtecting a sample wafer during shipping or storage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCarrying high-value or fragile wafers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSending wafers for inspection, testing, coating, or analysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePreventing scratches, edge damage, particles, and contamination\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSpecification\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDetails\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProduct\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSingle Wafer Carrier Case\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCompatible wafer size\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6 inch \/ 150 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCapacity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1 wafer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMaterial\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePolypropylene (PP)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePack quantity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 pcs\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCleanroom grade\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eClass 100\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eComponents\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBase, lid, spider ring\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWafer support\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConical edge-support design\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRetention\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpider spring and locking lid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSKU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWH0005\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eApplications\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStorage, shipping, inspection, coating, testing\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWafer Carrier components include: Base, Lid and Spider ring (pressure retention, edges or center)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAMO Scientific offers a variety of wafer handling consumables, such as single wafer carrier tray, wafer cassette, wafer shipping box and membrane box. Please contact us if you have any wafer handling needs.  \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AMO Scientific","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42506058793042,"sku":"AMO-WH0005","price":158.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/3644\/9362\/files\/1_inch_wafer_carrier.png?v=1787164067"},{"product_id":"amo-scientific-4-inch-c-plane-sapphire-wafer","title":"4 Inch C-Plane Sapphire Wafer – Single Crystal Al₂O₃, SSP\/DSP","description":"\u003ch2\u003e4 Inch C-Plane Sapphire Wafer – Single Crystal Al₂O₃, SSP\/DSP\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAMO Scientific 4 Inch C-Plane Sapphire Wafers\u003c\/strong\u003e are high-purity (\u0026gt;99.99%) single-crystal Al₂O₃ substrates designed for semiconductor, thin-film, optical, and research applications. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe C-plane sapphire substrate offers excellent chemical stability, electrical insulation, mechanical hardness, thermal stability, and optical transparency.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eTypical Applications\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThin-film deposition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSemiconductor research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEpitaxial growth research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptical coatings\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLED and optoelectronic research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMEMS and sensor research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2D material growth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh-temperature research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptical substrate applications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAMO Scientific offers customized sapphire wafers. If you don't find the standard products work for your need, please feel free to reach us. \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCategory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecification\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct SKU\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAMO-SA0107 (Single Side Polished, SSP), AMO-SA0108 (Double Sides Polished, DSP)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigh Purity \u0026gt;99.99%, single crystal Al₂O₃\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiameter\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e100.0 mm ± 0.10 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e650 µm ± 25 µm (SSP); 600 µm ± 25 µm (DSP), other thickness available upon request\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLattice Parameters\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ea = 4.785 Å, c = 12.991 Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3.98 g\/cm³\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrientation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eC-plane (0001) to M (1-100), 0.2° ± 0.1° off \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimary Flat Orientation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA-plane [11-20] ± 0.2°\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimary Flat Length\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e30.0 ± 1.0 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTTV (Total Thickness Variation)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt; 5 µm (SSP), ≤ 6 µm (DSP)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBow\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-10 to 0 µm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWarp\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt; 10 µm (SSP), ≤ 20 µm (DSP)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Expansion Coefficient\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6.66 × 10⁻⁶ \/°C (parallel to C-axis); 5 × 10⁻⁶ \/°C (perpendicular)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDielectric Strength\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4.8 × 10⁵ V\/cm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDielectric Constant\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11.5 (1 MHz, parallel to C-axis); 9.3 (1 MHz, perpendicular)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDielectric Loss Tangent\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt; 1 × 10⁻⁴\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e40 W\/(m·K) at 20°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"AMO Scientific","offers":[{"title":"Single Side Polished (SSP)\/650um","offer_id":42509020168274,"sku":"AMO-SA0107","price":82.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Double Sides Polished (DSP)\/600um","offer_id":42509020201042,"sku":"AMO-SA0108","price":93.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/3644\/9362\/files\/Sapphire_Wafer.png?v=1787243652"},{"product_id":"lithium-niobate-thin-film-on-insulator-lnoi-wafers","title":"AMO Scientific Lithium Niobate Thin Film on Insulator (LNOI) Wafers","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAMO Scientific Lithium Niobate Thin Film on Insulator (LNOI) Wafers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLithium Niobate Thin Film on Insulator wafers (LNOI)\u003c\/strong\u003e are engineered wafers made by placing a \u003cstrong\u003every thin single-crystal lithium niobate (LiNbO₃, LN) layer on top of an insulating layer\u003c\/strong\u003e, usually silicon dioxide (SiO₂), supported by a thicker substrate.\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA typical structure is:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/3644\/9362\/files\/LNOI_01_342dcc97-3d27-44f3-a44c-0102842a8111.jpg?v=1786655267\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy LNOI is important\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBulk lithium niobate has been widely used in optics because it has strong \u003cstrong\u003eelectro-optic, nonlinear optical, piezoelectric, and acousto-optic properties\u003c\/strong\u003e. The thin-film-on-insulator structure adds strong optical confinement, allowing very small photonic devices to be fabricated.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis makes LNOI useful for devices such as:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOptical modulators\u003c\/strong\u003e — especially high-speed electro-optic modulators\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhotonic integrated circuits (PICs)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptical waveguides\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMicroring resonators\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrequency converters\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSecond-harmonic generation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuantum photonics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSAW \/ acoustic devices\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMicrowave photonics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAMO Scientific can customize the \u003cspan\u003eLiNbO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e orientation\/thin film thickness, \u003cspan\u003eSiO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e layer thickness and substrate material. Please contact us to discuss your need.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e Sample Wafer Specifications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 562px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 542px;\"\u003eGeneral Wafer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003eStructure\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eLiNbO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\/\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOxide\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\/ Si\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003eDiameter\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003eΦ100 ± 0.2 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003e525 ± 25 μm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003ePrimary Flat Length\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003e32.5 ± 2 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003eWafer Beveling\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003eR Type\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003eTTV\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003e\u0026lt; 10\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eμm\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003eLTV\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003e\u0026lt; 1.5 μm (5∗5 mm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e) \/ 95%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003eBow\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003e± 50 μm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003eWarp\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003e\u0026lt; 50\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eμm\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003eEdge Trimming\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003e2 ± 0.5 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 542px; text-align: center;\"\u003eLithium Niobate Layer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003eAverage Thickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e300~900nm (customizable)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003eOrientation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003eX axis ± 0.5°\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003ePrimary Flat Orientation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZ axis ± 1°\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003eFront Surface Roughness (Ra)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003e\u0026lt; 1 nm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003eBond Defects\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003e\u0026gt; 1 mm None ; ≦ 1 mm within 80 total\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003eFront Surface Scratch\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 1 cm None ; ≦ 1 cm within 3 total\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 542px; text-align: center;\"\u003eOxide Layer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003e4700 ± 150 nm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003eUniformity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e± 5%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 542px;\"\u003eSubstrate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003eMaterial\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003eSi\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003eOrientation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003e\u0026lt;100\u0026gt; ± 1°\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003ePrimary Flat Orientation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003e\u0026lt;110\u0026gt; ± 1°\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003eResistivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003e\u0026gt; 10 kΩ·cm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 228.688px;\"\u003eBackside\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 313.312px;\"\u003eEtched\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"AMO Scientific","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42553997066322,"sku":"AMO-LNOI001","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/3644\/9362\/files\/LNOIwafer02_28006356-d2f4-4760-b6cf-f580c13cdf96.png?v=1786656466"},{"product_id":"lithium-tantalate-thin-film-on-insulator-ltoi-wafers","title":"AMO Scientific Lithium Tantalate Thin Film on Insulator (LTOI) Wafers","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eAMO Scientific Lithium Tantalate Thin Film on Insulator (LTOI) Wafers\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLithium Tantalate Thin Film on Insulator (LTOI) wafer\u003c\/strong\u003e is a layered semiconductor\/photonics substrate that places a very thin single-crystal layer of \u003cstrong\u003elithium tantalate, LiTaO₃\u003c\/strong\u003e, on top of an insulating layer, usually SiO₂.\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA typical structure is:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThin-film LiTaO₃\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e↓\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSiO₂ insulating layer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e↓\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSilicon or LiTaO₃ handle substrate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/3644\/9362\/files\/LTOI_wafer_03.jpg?v=1787162136\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBulk lithium tantalate has long been used for acoustic and electro-optic devices, but putting it into a sub-micron thin-film structure gives much stronger optical confinement. This makes it possible to fabricate compact waveguides, resonators, modulators, and other photonic integrated circuits. Recent wafer-scale research has demonstrated LTOI made by \u003cstrong\u003eion implantation\/ion cutting followed by wafer bonding\u003c\/strong\u003e, similar in concept to SOI and LNOI manufacturing. \u003cspan class=\"contents\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLTOI is particularly attractive because LiTaO₃ has:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStrong electro-optic\/Pockels effect\u003c\/strong\u003e → useful for high-speed optical modulators.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePiezoelectric properties\u003c\/strong\u003e → useful for SAW\/RF filters and acousto-optic devices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNonlinear optical properties\u003c\/strong\u003e → wavelength conversion, frequency combs, etc.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHigh optical-damage resistance and good thermal\/bias stability\u003c\/strong\u003e relative to lithium niobate in some applications. \u003cspan class=\"contents\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePotential for \u003cstrong\u003elow-loss integrated photonics\u003c\/strong\u003e; recent work has demonstrated LTOI waveguides with losses well below 0.1 dB\/cm.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis makes LTOI useful for devices such as:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHigh-speed electro-optic modulators\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhotonic integrated circuits (PICs)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSAW\/BAW and RF filters\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcousto-optic devices\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptical resonators\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNonlinear optics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuantum photonics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMicrowave-to-optical conversion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptical signal processing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAMO Scientific can customize the LiTaO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e orientation\/thin film thickness, SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e layer thickness and substrate material. Please contact us to discuss your need.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e Sample Wafer Specifications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"462\" style=\"width: 562px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"462\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 545px;\"\u003eGeneral Wafer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.938px;\"\u003eStructure\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.062px;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eLiTaO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\/ Oxide \/ Si\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.938px;\"\u003eDiameter\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.062px;\"\u003eΦ100 ± 0.2 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.938px;\"\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.062px;\"\u003e525 ± 20 μm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.938px;\"\u003ePrimary Flat Length\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.062px;\"\u003e32.5 ± 2 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.938px;\"\u003eWafer Beveling\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.062px;\"\u003eR Type\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTTV\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt; 10\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eμm\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLTV\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt; 1.5 μm (5∗5 mm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e) \/ 95%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBow\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e± 50 μm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWarp\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt; 50\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eμm\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.938px;\"\u003eEdge Exclusion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.062px;\"\u003e5 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.938px;\"\u003eEdge Trimming\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.062px;\"\u003e2 ± 0.5 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 545px; text-align: center;\"\u003eLithium Tantalate Layer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.938px;\"\u003eAverage Thickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.062px;\"\u003e600 ± 20 nm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.938px;\"\u003eOrientation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.062px;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eX axis ± \u003c\/span\u003e0.3°\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePrimary Flat\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePerpendicular to +Z Axis ± 1°\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.938px;\"\u003eFront Surface Roughness (Ra)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.062px;\"\u003e\u0026lt; 0.5 nm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.938px;\"\u003eDefects\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.062px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eWithin 150 total\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 545px; text-align: center;\"\u003eIsolation SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eLayer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.938px;\"\u003eThickness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.062px;\"\u003e4700 ± 100 nm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUniformity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;100nm @17 points\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 545px;\"\u003eSubstrate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.938px;\"\u003eMaterial\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.062px;\"\u003eSi\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.938px;\"\u003eResistivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.062px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt; 10 kΩ·cm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.938px;\"\u003eOrientation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.062px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026lt;100\u0026gt; ± 1°\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.938px;\"\u003ePrimary Flat Orientation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.062px;\"\u003e\u0026lt;110\u0026gt;\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e± 1°\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.938px;\"\u003eBackside\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 272.062px;\"\u003eEtched\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"AMO Scientific","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42633680584786,"sku":"AMO-LTOI001","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/3644\/9362\/files\/LNOIwafer02_28006356-d2f4-4760-b6cf-f580c13cdf96.png?v=1786656466"},{"product_id":"lithium-niobate-linbo-crystals-and-wafers","title":"Lithium Niobate (LiNbO₃) Crystals and Wafers","description":"\u003ch2\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\n  \u003cstrong\u003eLithium Niobate (LiNbO₃, LN)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a versatile ferroelectric\n  crystal known for its excellent \u003cstrong\u003eelectro-optic, nonlinear optical,\n  and piezoelectric properties\u003c\/strong\u003e. This unique combination makes lithium\n  niobate an important functional material for photonics, telecommunications,\n  sensing, and advanced optical systems.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\n  LN crystals are widely used in optical modulators, waveguides,\n  frequency-conversion devices, surface acoustic wave (SAW) components,\n  piezoelectric sensors, and other linear and nonlinear optical applications.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eApplications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\n  Lithium niobate is widely used in both optical and electronic applications,\n  including:\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n    \u003cstrong\u003eOptical Modulators \u0026amp; Q-Switches\u003c\/strong\u003e – Utilize the strong\n    electro-optic effect of LiNbO₃ for high-speed optical modulation and laser\n    control.\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n    \u003cstrong\u003eNonlinear Optics\u003c\/strong\u003e – Used for second-harmonic generation\n    (SHG), difference-frequency generation (DFG), optical parametric oscillation\n    (OPO), and other wavelength-conversion applications.\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n    \u003cstrong\u003eOptical Waveguides \u0026amp; Photonics\u003c\/strong\u003e – Suitable for integrated\n    photonic devices, optical communication systems, and waveguide applications.\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n    \u003cstrong\u003eSAW Devices\u003c\/strong\u003e – Widely used as a piezoelectric substrate for\n    surface acoustic wave filters, resonators, and duplexers in telecommunications.\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n    \u003cstrong\u003ePiezoelectric Sensors \u0026amp; Transducers\u003c\/strong\u003e – Applied in\n    ultrasonic transducers, sensing devices, and acoustic applications.\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n    \u003cstrong\u003eTelecommunication Components\u003c\/strong\u003e – Used in RF filtering and\n    optical communication systems requiring high-performance signal processing.\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\n  With its combination of optical, electro-optic, nonlinear, and piezoelectric\n  performance, \u003cstrong\u003eLiNbO₃ remains one of the most important materials for\n  modern photonics and telecommunications technologies.\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003ctable\u003e\n  \u003ctbody\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003eOptical Grade LiNbO₃ Wafers (White or Black)\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCurie Temperature\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e1142 ± 2.0 °C\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCrystal Orientation \/ Cut\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003eX-cut \/ Y-cut \/ Z-cut \/ Custom\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiameter \/ Size\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e2\" \/ 3\" \/ 4\"\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiameter Tolerance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt; ±0.20 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e0.18–0.50 mm or custom\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimary Flat\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e16 mm \/ 22 mm \/ 32 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTTV\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt; 3 µm\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBow\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e-30 µm to +30 µm\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWarp\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt; 40 µm\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrientation Flat\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003eAvailable upon request\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSurface Finish\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003eSingle-Side Polished (SSP) \/ Double-Side Polished (DSP)\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolished Surface Roughness (Ra)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt; 0.5 nm\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScratch \/ Dig\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e20\/10\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEdge Criteria\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003eR = 0.2 mm or bullnose\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailable Dopants\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003eFe \/ Zn \/ MgO and other dopants for optical-grade LN wafers\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRefractive Index\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003en\u003csub\u003eo\u003c\/sub\u003e = 2.2878, n\u003csub\u003ee\u003c\/sub\u003e = 2.2033 @ 632 nm\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContamination\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParticles \u0026gt; 0.3 µm\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e≤ 30\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScratches \/ Chipping\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n    \u003ctr\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSurface Defects\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n      \u003ctd\u003eNo edge cracks, scratches, saw marks, or stains\u003c\/td\u003e\n    \u003c\/tr\u003e\n  \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"AMO Scientific","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42661597610066,"sku":"AMO-LNO0001","price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/3644\/9362\/files\/LithiumNiobateLiNbO3crystalandwafer.png?v=1788315195"},{"product_id":"ktp-crystal-ktiopo-potassium-titanyl-phosphate-nonlinear-optical-crystal","title":"KTP Crystal (KTiOPO₄) – Potassium Titanyl Phosphate Nonlinear Optical Crystal","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKTP Crystal (KTiOPO₄) – Potassium Titanyl Phosphate Nonlinear Optical Crystal\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKTP (Potassium Titanyl Phosphate, KTiOPO₄)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a widely used nonlinear optical crystal known for its high nonlinear coefficient, good optical transparency, excellent mechanical stability, and efficient frequency conversion performance.\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKTP crystals are commonly used for \u003cstrong\u003esecond-harmonic generation (SHG)\u003c\/strong\u003e, especially for converting \u003cstrong\u003e1064 nm infrared laser light to 532 nm green light\u003c\/strong\u003e. They are also suitable for optical parametric oscillation, sum- and difference-frequency generation, electro-optic applications, and other nonlinear optical systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompared with many other nonlinear optical crystals, KTP offers a useful combination of high conversion efficiency, relatively high damage threshold, and good environmental stability. It is also non-hygroscopic, making it easier to handle and integrate into optical systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAMO Scientific can provide KTP crystals in standard and customized dimensions, orientations, coatings, and surface specifications for research, laser, photonics, and OEM applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eApplications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKTP crystals are commonly used in:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSecond-Harmonic Generation (SHG)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1064 nm to 532 nm frequency doubling\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptical Parametric Oscillators (OPO)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSum-Frequency Generation (SFG)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDifference-Frequency Generation (DFG)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrequency mixing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSolid-state green lasers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLaser spectroscopy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNonlinear optical research\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElectro-optic devices\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhotonics and laser systems\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCustom laser frequency conversion modules\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Features\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh nonlinear optical coefficient\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEfficient frequency conversion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGood optical transparency\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGood mechanical and thermal stability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRelatively high optical damage threshold\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNon-hygroscopic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuitable for high-efficiency SHG\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAvailable in custom orientations and dimensions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptional anti-reflection coatings\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuitable for research and OEM applications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group TyagGW_tableContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"last:pe-10\"\u003eParameter\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"last:pe-10\"\u003eSpecification\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMaterial\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePotassium Titanyl Phosphate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eKTiOPO₄\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbbreviation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eKTP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCrystal System\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOrthorhombic\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparency Range\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eApprox. 350–4500 nm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCommon Application\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1064 nm → 532 nm SHG\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNonlinear Process\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSHG, SFG, DFG, OPO\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSurface Quality\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10\/5, 20\/10, or custom\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSurface Flatness\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eλ\/8, λ\/4, or custom\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eParallelism\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt; 20 arc sec or custom\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePerpendicularity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt; 5 arc min or custom\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChamfer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAvailable\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOrientation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCustom cut available\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDimensions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCustom sizes available\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCoating\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAR coating available\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDamage Threshold\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDepends on wavelength, pulse width, and coating\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOperating Temperature\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eApplication dependent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"AMO Scientific","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42663723630674,"sku":"AMO-KTP0001","price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/3644\/9362\/files\/KTPPotassiumTitanylPhosphate.png?v=1788316562"},{"product_id":"lithium-tantalate-litao-crystal-wafer-x-y-z-cut-lt-substrates","title":"Lithium Tantalate (LiTaO₃) Crystal \u0026 Wafer, X\/Y\/Z Cut LT Substrates","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eLithium Tantalate (LiTaO₃), commonly abbreviated as LT,\u003c\/b\u003e is a ferroelectric single crystal with excellent \u003cb\u003epiezoelectric, electro-optic, pyroelectric, and nonlinear optical properties\u003c\/b\u003e. It is widely used in RF and acoustic devices, infrared detection, photonics, optical modulation, and nonlinear optical applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eLithium tantalate crystals and wafers are commonly supplied in \u003cb\u003eX-cut, Y-cut, Z-cut, and rotated Y-cut orientations\u003c\/b\u003e to meet different acoustic, optical, and device requirements. Standard wafer sizes and custom dimensions can be provided with single-side polished (SSP), double-side polished (DSP), or application-specific surface finishes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eCompared with lithium niobate (LiNbO₃), lithium tantalate offers excellent thermal stability and is widely used in applications where temperature performance, acoustic behavior, and pyroelectric response are important.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eAMO Scientific can provide \u003cb\u003eLiTaO₃ crystals, wafers, and custom substrates\u003c\/b\u003e for research, prototyping, photonics, RF, SAW, sensing, and OEM applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eApplications\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eLithium tantalate crystals and wafers are commonly used in:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0in;\" type=\"disc\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eSAW filters and acoustic wave devices\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eRF front-end components\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eBAW and resonator applications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003ePiezoelectric sensors and transducers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003ePyroelectric infrared detectors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eOptical modulators\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eElectro-optic devices\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eNonlinear optical frequency conversion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003ePhotonic integrated devices\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eLaser and optical systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eThin-film deposition substrates\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eResearch and material science\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eLTOI-related photonics development\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eKey Features\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0in;\" type=\"disc\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eStrong piezoelectric properties\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eGood electro-optic performance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eStrong pyroelectric response\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eNonlinear optical capability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eGood thermal stability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eAvailable in multiple crystal orientations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eSSP and DSP surface finishes available\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eCustom dimensions and thicknesses\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eSuitable for RF, optical, and sensing applications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eCustom polishing and edge treatment available\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"MsoNormalTable\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"4\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eParameter\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eSpecification\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 1;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eMaterial\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eLithium Tantalate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 2;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eLiTaO₃\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 3;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eAbbreviation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eLT\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 4;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eCrystal Structure\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eTrigonal\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 5;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eCrystal Type\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eFerroelectric single crystal\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 6;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eCommon Orientations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eX-cut, Y-cut, Z-cut\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 7;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eRotated Cuts\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e36° Y-cut, 42° Y-cut, custom\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 8;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eDiameter\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e2\", 3\", 4\", or custom\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 9;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eMetric Diameter\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e50.8 mm, 76.2 mm, 100 mm, or custom\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 10;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eThickness\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eCustomizable\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 11; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eSurface Finish\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eSSP \/ DSP\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"AMO Scientific","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42663864533074,"sku":"AMO-LT0001","price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/3644\/9362\/files\/LithiumTantalate_LiTaO_Crystal.png?v=1788317394"},{"product_id":"chemical-vapor-deposition-cvd-monolayer-molybdenum-disulfide-mos2-film-on-sapphire","title":"Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) Film on Sapphire","description":"\u003cp class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMonolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a two-dimensional direct-bandgap semiconductor with excellent \u003cstrong\u003eelectronic, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties\u003c\/strong\u003e. Its atomically thin structure makes it an important material for next-generation nanoelectronics, photonics, and optoelectronic devices.\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCVD-grown monolayer MoS₂\u003c\/strong\u003e is widely used in:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMicroscopic and material characterization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotoluminescence (PL) studies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRaman spectroscopy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotovoltaic and solar-cell research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChemical and optical sensors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotodetectors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eField-effect transistors (FETs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNanoelectronics and optoelectronic devices\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSpecification\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDetails\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSample Size\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1 cm × 1 cm square\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSubstrate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e(0001) C plane sapphire\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFilm Coverage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFull-coverage monolayer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBandgap\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.85 eV, direct bandgap semiconductor\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCrystal Structure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHexagonal phase\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLattice Parameters\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ea = b = 0.313 nm; c = 1.230 nm; α = β = 90°; γ = 120°\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrowth Method\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChemical Vapor Deposition\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"AMO Scientific","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42723324493906,"sku":"CVD-MoS2-0001","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/3644\/9362\/files\/CVDMoS2.png?v=1789527977"},{"product_id":"cvd-monolayer-tungsten-disulfide-ws2-film-on-sapphire","title":"Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Monolayer Tungsten Disulfide (WS2) Film on Sapphire","description":"\u003cp dir=\"auto\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMonolayer tungsten disulfide (WS₂)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductor with strong optical absorption, pronounced excitonic behavior, and a direct bandgap in the monolayer form.\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis product consists of \u003cstrong\u003eCVD-grown monolayer WS₂ film on a 10 mm × 10 mm (0001) C-plane sapphire substrate\u003c\/strong\u003e, designed for research in optoelectronics, photonics, nanoelectronics, and 2D-material characterization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"auto\"\u003eApplications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eCVD monolayer WS₂ on sapphire is commonly used in:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotodetectors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eField-effect transistors (FETs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptoelectronics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotonics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRaman spectroscopy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotoluminescence research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSensors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eValleytronics research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2D heterostructures\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNanoelectronics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"auto\"\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\" class=\"group TyagGW_tableContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable dir=\"auto\" class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTungsten Disulfide (WS₂)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial Family\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (TMDC)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of Layers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMonolayer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSample Size\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10 mm × 10 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSubstrate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e(0001) C-plane sapphire\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFilm Type\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCVD-grown WS₂ thin film\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCrystal Structure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHexagonal phase\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElectronic Property\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDirect-bandgap semiconductor in monolayer form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrowth Method\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical Applications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFETs, photodetectors, sensors, optoelectronics, photonics, 2D-material research\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"AMO Scientific","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42735928672338,"sku":"CVD-WS2-0001","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/3644\/9362\/files\/CVD-WS2.png?v=1789529289"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.amoscientific.com\/collections\/all-products.oembed","provider":"AMO Scientific","version":"1.0","type":"link"}